Financial Trends -- 8/10

Corning is in a powerful growth re-acceleration driven by AI-related demand for optical fiber, cable, and connectivity in hyperscale data centers. Revenue grew +19.1% YoY in 2025 to $15.6B, GAAP gross margins expanded +340 bps to 36.0%, core operating margin hit 19.3% (20.2% in Q4), and core EPS grew +29% to $2.52. Enterprise optical sales surged +61% to $3.2B. FCF recovered +45% to $1.4B. The Springboard plan was upgraded to $11B incremental annualized sales by 2028, implying a ~$24B run rate vs. ~$16B today. Weight: 25%
FY25 Revenue
$15.6B
+19.1% YoY | Accelerating +1,490 bps
FY25 Core Op Margin
19.3%
+180 bps YoY | 20.2% in Q4
FY25 Core EPS
$2.52
+29% YoY | 2x revenue growth
FY25 FCF
$1.4B
+45% YoY | 9.0% margin
Annual Financial Summary (FY ends December)
MetricFY2020FY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025
Total Revenue ($M)$11,303M$14,082M$14,189M$12,588M$13,118M$15,629M
Rev YoY+24.6%+0.8%-11.3%+4.2%+19.1%
Acceleration-2,380 bps-1,210 bps+1,550 bps+1,490 bps
GAAP Gross Margin31.2%36.0%31.8%31.2%32.6%36.0%
GM YoY Change+480 bps-420 bps-60 bps+140 bps+340 bps
Core Gross Margin36.0%37.1%36.0%36.3%38.2%38.4%
Core GM YoY Change+110 bps-110 bps+30 bps+190 bps+20 bps
GAAP Op Margin5.6%15.0%10.1%7.1%8.7%14.6%
Op Margin YoY Change+940 bps-490 bps-300 bps+160 bps+590 bps
Core Op Margin15.1%17.4%16.8%16.5%17.5%19.3%
Core OM YoY Change+230 bps-60 bps-30 bps+100 bps+180 bps
GAAP Diluted EPS$0.54$1.28$1.54$0.68$0.58$1.83
GAAP EPS YoY+137%+20%-56%-15%+216%
Core Diluted EPS$1.39$2.07$2.09$1.70$1.96$2.52
Core EPS YoY+49%+1%-19%+15%+29%
Key trends -- annual

Segment Revenue ($M, Annual)
MetricFY2020FY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025
Optical Communications$3,563M$4,349M$5,023M$4,012M$4,657M$6,274M
OC YoY+22.1%+15.5%-20.1%+16.1%+34.7%
-- Carrier$2,612M$3,200M$3,760M$2,871M$2,678M$3,079M
Carrier YoY+22.5%+17.5%-23.6%-6.7%+15.0%
-- Enterprise$951M$1,149M$1,263M$1,141M$1,979M$3,195M
Enterprise YoY+20.8%+9.9%-9.7%+73.4%+61.4%
Display Technologies$3,172M$3,700M$3,306M$3,532M$3,872M$3,697M
Display YoY+16.6%-10.6%+6.8%+9.6%-4.5%
Specialty Materials$1,884M$2,008M$2,002M$1,865M$2,018M$2,211M
Specialty YoY+6.6%-0.3%-6.8%+8.2%+9.6%
Life Sciences$998M$1,234M$1,228M$959M$979M$972M
Life Sciences YoY+23.6%-0.5%-21.9%+2.1%-0.7%
Hemlock & Emerging$465M$1,243M$1,662M$1,446M$1,278M$1,460M
Hemlock YoY+167.3%+33.7%-13.0%-11.6%+14.2%
Enterprise Optical is the dominant growth engine: +61% YoY in 2025 to $3.2B, driven by GenAI data center demand. The Carrier business also returned to growth (+15%). Display was down slightly (-4.5%) as price increases normalized. Specialty Materials grew +9.6% with premium Gorilla Glass adoption. Life Sciences remains flat.

Quarterly Revenue Trajectory ($M, 12 Quarters)
MetricQ1 23Q2 23Q3 23Q4 23Q1 24Q2 24Q3 24Q4 24Q1 25Q2 25Q3 25Q4 25
Total Rev ($M)$3,178M$3,243M$3,173M$2,994M$2,975M$3,251M$3,391M$3,501M$3,452M$3,862M$4,100M$4,215M
YoY-6.4%+0.2%+6.9%+16.9%+16.0%+18.8%+20.9%+20.4%
Quarterly YoY growth accelerated from -6.4% in Q1 2024 to +20.9% in Q3 2025, with Q4 2025 holding strong at +20.4%. The sequential acceleration from Q1 2024 through Q3 2025 was approximately +2,730 bps. Five consecutive quarters above +16% YoY.

Quarterly Enterprise Optical Sales ($M)
MetricQ1 23Q2 23Q3 23Q4 23Q1 24Q2 24Q3 24Q4 24Q1 25Q2 25Q3 25Q4 25
Enterprise ($M)$291M$283M$283M$284M$290M$426M$525M$686M$705M$769M$831M$890M
YoY-0.3%+50.5%+85.5%+141.5%+143.1%+80.5%+58.3%+29.7%
Enterprise sales show phenomenal growth but are decelerating from the 141-143% YoY peak in Q4 2024/Q1 2025 down to +29.7% in Q4 2025. This is a natural normalization off a massive base. The absolute dollar trajectory remains strong: $890M quarterly run rate vs. $283M two years ago -- a 3.1x increase.

Quarterly Margin Expansion (8 Quarters)
MetricQ1 24Q2 24Q3 24Q4 24Q1 25Q2 25Q3 25Q4 25
GAAP Gross Margin33.4%29.2%33.5%34.2%35.2%36.0%37.1%35.5%
Core Gross Margin36.8%37.9%39.2%38.6%37.9%38.4%39.0%38.1%
Core Op Margin15.5%17.4%18.3%18.5%18.0%19.0%19.6%20.2%
Core operating margin expanded every quarter from Q1 2024 (15.5%) to Q4 2025 (20.2%) -- a remarkable +470 bps sequential expansion over 8 quarters. The Q4 2025 reading of 20.2% achieves the Springboard target a full year ahead of plan.

EPS Trends (Annual & Quarterly)
MetricFY2020FY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025
GAAP Diluted EPS$0.54$1.28$1.54$0.68$0.58$1.83
GAAP EPS YoY+137%+20%-56%-15%+216%
Core Diluted EPS$1.39$2.07$2.09$1.70$1.96$2.52
Core EPS YoY+49%+1%-19%+15%+29%
MetricQ1 24Q2 24Q3 24Q4 24Q1 25Q2 25Q3 25Q4 25
Core EPS$0.38$0.47$0.54$0.57$0.54$0.60$0.67$0.72
YoY+42%+28%+24%+26%
Core EPS grew 29% YoY -- more than 2x the rate of revenue growth (19%), demonstrating strong operating leverage. The quarterly trajectory is a clean stair-step from $0.38 to $0.72 over 8 quarters. Management explicitly targets EPS growing twice as fast as sales.

Free Cash Flow ($M, Annual)
MetricFY2020FY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025
CFO$2,180M$3,412M$2,615M$2,005M$1,939M$2,695M
CapEx$1,377M$1,637M$1,604M$1,390M$965M$1,282M
Free Cash Flow$803M$1,775M$1,011M$615M$974M$1,413M
FCF Margin7.1%12.6%7.1%4.9%7.4%9.0%
FCF YoY+121%-43%-39%+58%+45%
Quarterly Free Cash Flow ($M)
MetricQ1 24Q2 24Q3 24Q4 24Q1 25Q2 25Q3 25Q4 25
CFO$96M$521M$699M$623M$151M$708M$784M$1,052M
CapEx$252M$242M$217M$254M$208M$308M$334M$432M
FCF($156M)$279M$482M$369M($57M)$400M$450M$620M
FCF nearly doubled from the 2023 trough ($615M) to $1,413M in 2025. Q4 2025 FCF of $620M was the strongest quarter in 2 years. FCF margin expanded from 4.9% to 9.0%. Seasonally negative Q1 is typical for Corning. CapEx set to rise to ~$1.7B in 2026 for capacity expansion, but customer prepayments (Meta $6B deal) help offset.

Share Count & Debt (Annual)
MetricFY2020FY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025
Basic Shares (M)768846847853857858
Diluted Shares (M)772844857859869871
Diluted YoY+9.3%+1.5%+0.2%+1.2%+0.2%
LT Debt ($M)$7,838M$6,989M$6,687M$7,206M$6,885M$7,630M
Current Debt ($M)$158M$55M$224M$320M$326M$804M
Total Debt ($M)$7,996M$7,044M$6,911M$7,526M$7,211M$8,434M
Total Debt YoY-11.9%-1.9%+8.9%-4.2%+17.0%

Penalty / Modifier Assessment
Factor Impact Detail
Negative FCF 0 FCF was +$1,413M in 2025, growing +45% YoY
Dilution >10% 0 Shares +0.2% YoY; buybacks have resumed
Rev growing but op income declining 0 OpInc grew +101% YoY ($1,135M to $2,279M)
Debt growing faster than revenue 0 Debt +17% vs. revenue +19.1%; not persistent
Total penalty: 0 pts. No penalty modifiers triggered. FCF positive, minimal dilution, operating income growing, debt roughly in-line with revenue.

Score rationale

Score of 8/10 reflects strongly positive financial trends across revenue, margins, earnings, and FCF, all driven by AI-related demand in optical connectivity.

Positives (supports 8+):

Negatives (prevents 9-10):


Data sourced from Daloopa and Corning earnings releases (FY2020 through Q4 2025). All financials in USD. Fiscal year ends December.